Micro-economics The pages in micro-economics provide an introduction to the nature of markets, and how market forces interact to ...
Business economics Business economics provides an analysis of the behaviour of private firms operating in different types of ...
Labour markets The demand for labour - marginal productivity theory The demand for factors of production is derived from the demand for ...
Monopsony power Monopsony power exists when a single buyer or an association of buyers can dictate the prices they pay ...
Enterprise The origins of enterprise Firms start when entrepreneurs organise resources and take risks in the expectation of earning a profit. More ...
Competitive labour markets The demand for labour - marginal productivity The demand for factors of production is derived from the demand for ...
Survival of small firms Despite the benefits of operating on a large scale, independent and non-subsidiary small and medium sized ...
The minimum wage A national minimum wage sets the minimum hourly wage rate that is acceptable in law. A national minimum ...
Cost-benefit analysis Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a method of appraising large scale investment projects, often involving public spending, such as ...
Incomplete markets An incomplete market is one where some of the necessary conditions for market formation exist, but not all ...
Labour market failures Like product markets, labour markets can also fail. The main types of labour market failure are the ...
Price stabilisation Many primary markets are subject to extreme fluctuations in price. There are several methods of intervention available to ...
COP21 The Paris Summit The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was held back in 1992, represented the first ...
Policy conflicts Conflicts of policy objectives occur when, in attempting to achieve one objective, another objective is sacrificed. There are ...
Supply-side shocks The level of national income can change in the short term if there is a supply-side shock. Many factors can ...
Macro-economics The national economy pages introduce macro-economic concepts, models, and theories, and explains how macro-economic problems are analysed, and policies evaluated. ...
Savings Households dispose of their post-tax income by spending or saving. Saving is a withdrawal from the circular flow of income and ...
Applying the AD-AS model Step one - identify the relevant variables The focus of many exam questions is the requirement ...
European monetary policy The European Central Bank (ECB) was formed in 1998 and works with EU member’s national central banks ...
